Aerogel gel is also called dry gel. When most of the solvents are removed from the gel, the liquid content in the gel is much less than the solid content, or the medium filled in the spatial network structure of the gel is gas, and the surface is solid, which is called dry gel, also known as gel. Aerogel gel also has the properties of gel, i.e. expansion, thixotropy and plasma separation.

Aerogel gel looks "fragile", but it is actually very strong and durable. It can withstand pressure thousands of times its own mass and will not melt until the temperature reaches 1200 degrees Celsius. In addition, its thermal conductivity and refractive index are also very low, and its insulation capacity is 39 times stronger than the best glass fiber. Because of these characteristics, aerogel gel has become an irreplaceable material in space exploration. It is used for thermal insulation of Russian "peace" space station and American "Mars Pathfinder" spacecraft.

The thin nano network structure of silica aerogel effectively limits the propagation of local thermal excitation, and its solid-state thermal conductivity is 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than that of corresponding glassy materials. Nano pores inhibit the contribution of gas molecules to heat conduction. The refractive index of silicon aerogel is close to 1, and the ratio of infrared and visible light annihilation coefficient is more than 100. It can effectively pass through the sunlight and prevent the infrared thermal radiation of ambient temperature. It has become an ideal transparent thermal insulation material, and has been applied in solar energy utilization and building energy conservation. By means of doping, the radiation heat conduction of silicon aerogel can be further reduced. The thermal conductivity of carbon doped aerogel can be as low as 0.013w/m · K under normal temperature and pressure. It is a solid material with the lowest thermal conductivity at present and is expected to replace polyurethane foam as a new type of refrigerator insulation material. The addition of titanium dioxide can make silicon aerogel a new type of high temperature insulation material, and the thermal conductivity at 800 ° C is only 0.03w/m · K.

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